What's a DigiSpeaker?
DigiSpeaker is an internet connected 100W stereo amplifier embedded in a pair of speakers. DigiSpeaker can be connected to the internet wirelessly or via cable. DigiSpeaker can be installed in the walls of a home or sit in the open in a room. It only requires regular house power from an outlet or power line. If the house is network wired, then DigiSpeaker can plug into that network to get music. If the house is equipped with a wireless network, then DigiSpeaker can obtain music wirelessly. If a network is not available, then each DigiSpeaker is capable of direct input or output of both analog and digital music. And if that was not enough, each DigiSpeaker is capable of being the source of all music for all the other DigiSpeakers installed in a home. Read More.
Great Resource
Submitted by tylerjbrooks on Mon, 03/01/2010 - 22:47.Abdul Sharif over at Schippers and Crew is a great resource!
He located a couple local precision sheet metal shops for me today.
Thanks Abdul.
P7 - Power Supply Finished
Submitted by tylerjbrooks on Sun, 02/21/2010 - 00:20.I have completed my experiments with the Prototype 7 Power Supply.
Here is the schematic.
I have left out the multiple output stages and concentrated on the +5V output. The trouble I was having before stemmed mostly from the transformer construction. Specifically, the leakage inductance was way too high for the size of the primary winding inductance. This was causing large spikes in the current through the sense resistor which would, in turn, tell the controller to turn off. By increasing the inductance and reducing the leakage inductance, I was able to get stable output regulation.
The trick to doing this experiment on a breadboard is to work hard at controlling the leakage inductance of the transformer. I tried several different winding techniques. Two things made a huge difference. First, a 'progressive' style of winding is much better than a 'straight' style. The difference is well explained in section 3.5.9 of Marty Brown's book (The Power Supply Cookbook). In short, say you have to do 90 turns to make a transformer. Furthermore, say the bobbin you have selected only has room for 30 windings. It is much better to wind three turns vertically (one on top of the other) than it is to wind and entire row, then overlap another row and finally overlap another row (to make 3 x 30 = 90 turns). The reason for this is that with straight winding, by the time the second row returns to overlay the first winding (so turn 60 is overlaying turn 1), the voltage difference in the wires at that point are large (assuming the voltage drop across the transformer is evenly distributed). This creates a capacitance between the two windings that increases the leakage inductance. Notice that except in the middle, just about every winding in a straight winding approach has this problem. Alternatively, if you just 'scrunch' all the windings on top of one another (as best you can) and progressively cross the bobbin such that turn N, turn N+1, turn N+2, ...etc are right next to one another, then the leakage is greatly reduced.
Secondly, splitting or doubling the winding between the inner core and the outer layer of the bobbin reduces leakage. Say, for instance, that you need to do 60 windings. By putting 30 as the inner winding and 30 as the outer winding and connecting the serially the leakage is reduced. Alternatively, you can put all 120 windings on the inner layer and then do another 120 windings on the outer layer and connect them in parallel. This last approach (parallel windings) seemed to work the best but required a lot more wire.
P7 - Power Supply Built
Submitted by tylerjbrooks on Sat, 01/23/2010 - 09:34.I simplified the schematic in the previous post and built up the circuit on a breadboard.
Here is Schematic A.
I have also included the basic design information in the schematic.
UPDATE: I have redone the schematic again. I now bypass the error amplifier in the UC3845. I removed the +15VDC and +20VDC secondary to simplify testing. I have included snubbers on the primary side.
Here is Schematic C.
P7 - Power Supply
Submitted by tylerjbrooks on Mon, 01/11/2010 - 08:20.I am starting a new prototype. The new designation is 'Prototype VII' -- or 'p7' for short.
I thought I would try a 65W flyback switch mode power supply. The idea would be to put one of these into each DigiSpeaker. The flyback topology is compact, low part count and cheap while being relatively high in efficiency and performance.
Click here for the schematic.
Click here or here for the BOM. Q1 price is $22.35. Q1K price is $9.90. Both prices are without transformer, various connectors and so on.
The Design (procedure taken from the Power Supply Cookbook, Marty Brown):
| Input | 90VAC to 240VAC @ 50/60Hz |
| Output | Three Outputs:
|
| Total Output Power | (20V*2.25A) + (15V*.333A) + (5V*3A) = 65W |
|
Total Input Power Flyback topologies tyically get 80% efficiency. |
65W / 0.8 = 81.25W |
| DC Input |
110VAC -> Vlow = 90 * 1.414 = 127VDC 110VAC -> Vhigh = 130 * 1.414 = 184VDC 220VAC -> Vlow = 185 * 1.414 = 262VDC 220VAC -> Vhigh = 240 * 1.414 = 340VDC |
| Average Input Current |
Iin_high = 81.25W / 127VDC = 0.639A Iin_low = 81.25W / 340VDC = 0.239A |
| Peak Current | Ipeak = 5.5(65W) / 127VDC = 2.815A |
|
Heat MOSFETs typically have 35% of the losses. Rectifiers typically have 60% of the losses. |
Total Loss = 81.25W - 65W = 16.25W MOSFET Loss = 16.25W * 0.35 = 5.68W 20V Rectifier Loss = (45/65W) * 16.25 * 0.6 = 6.75W 15V Rectifier Loss = (5/65W) * 16.25 * 0.6 = 0.75W 5V Rectifier Loss = (15/65W) * 16.25 * 0.6 = 2.25W |
| Transformer |
Primary Inductange = (127VDC * 0.5) / (2.815A * 50KHz) = 452uH Core Gap = (0.4 * PI * .452mH * 2.815A * 10**8) / (0.904 * 2000**2) = 0.044cm (or 17mils) Core Selection: Magnetics, Inc. 0F43007EC and 0F43007G044 Primary Turns = 1000 * (.452/100)**0.5 ~= 67Turns 20V Secondary Turns = (67 * (20 + 0.5) * (1 - 0.5)) / (127 * .5) ~= 11Turns 15V Secondary Turns = (15 + 0.9)(11Turns) / 20.5 ~= 9Turns 5V Secondary Turns = (5 + 0.9)(11Turns) / 20.5 ~= 3Turns |
| Output Filter |
20V Reverse Voltage = 20V + (11T/67T)*340VDC = 75.8V @ 2.25A -> MUR420 15V Reverse Voltage = 15V + (9T/67T)*340VDC = 60.7V @ 0.333A -> MUR120 5V Reverse Voltage = 5V + (3T/67T)*340VDC = 20.2V @ 3.0A -> MUR420 20V Output Capacitor = (2.25A * 18uS) / 100mVpp = 405uF -> 2x 220uF @ 35V 15V Output Capacitor = (0.333A * 18uS) / 100mVpp = 60uF -> 1x 100uF @ 25V 5V Output Capacitor = (3.0A* 18uS) / 100mVpp = 270uF -> 1x 220uF @ 10V |
| Power MOSFET |
Vdss > 340 + (67/3)(5+0.5) = 462V Ipeak < 3A Select: STMicro STP4NK50ZD |
| Feedback Regulation |
Start by assuming a 1mA regulation current per volt. R1 = 5V/5mA = 1Kohm R2 = 5 - (2.5 + 1.4) / 6mA = 180ohm R3 = 2.5V / 1mA ~= 2.7Kohm Isense = 2.5V / 2.7Kohm = 0.926mA Spread the regulation between all three outputs. 20V and 15V get 40% of the regulation each. 5V get 20% of the regulation. R4 = (5V - 2.5V) / 0.2(0.926mA) = 13.5Kohm R5 = (15V - 2.5V) / 0.4(0.926mA) = 33.75Kohm R6 = (20V - 2.5V) / 0.4(0.926mA) = 47.25Kohm |
| Current Sense | Rcs = Vcs / Ipeak = 0.7V / 2.815A = 0.249ohms @ 2.4W |
| Feedback Loop |
20V Pole = 1 / (2 * PI * (20/0.6) * 440uF) = 10.85Hz 15V Pole = 1 / (2 * PI * (15/0.1) * 100uF) = 10.61Hz 5V Pole = 1 / (2 * PI * (5/1.0) * 220uF) = 144Hz ADC = ((340 - 5)**2 * 3T) / (340 * 67T) = 14.78 GDC = 20log(14.78) = 23.4dB Gxo = 20log(10KHz/10.85Hz) - 23.4 = 35.89db or 62.31 So... C1 = 1 / (2 * PI * 13.5Kohm * 62 * 20KHz) = 9.5pF R2 = 13.5Kohms * 62 = 840Kohms C2 = 1 / 2 * PI * 10.85Hz * 840Kohms = 17.4nF |
Prototype VI - Outdoors
Submitted by tylerjbrooks on Thu, 01/07/2010 - 23:22.So, Jon and I have been curious about how much of our system response is due to the electronics/speakers and how much is due to the room. In the previous post, you can see that there are a number of spikes and nulls in the response. The room correction filter helps out a lot. However, we were wondering if we could put our system in an anechoic chamber and see the same (nearly same) response.
I posted a question on the Digital Room Correction mailing list and a user named Gregory Maxwell said that most of the response was due to the room. I wanted to put this to the test so I took prototype VI out on my deck for a test.
Bottom Line: Greg was right, most of the nulls and spikes in the response seem to be caused by the room.
Here are a couple pictures of my setup and a screen capture of the responses in Audacity.
